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CPP if keyword

Return to if, C++ Reserved words, C++, Reserved Words, CPP Glossary, CPP Topics

This comparison delves into the `if` keyword in C++ and its equivalents in Python, Java, C#, Kotlin, JavaScript, TypeScript, PHP, Go, Rust, Swift, Transact-SQL, and PL/SQL. The `if` statement is a fundamental control structure in programming languages, used for conditional execution based on the evaluation of an expression.

  1. C++

In C++, the `if` statement is used to execute a block of code conditionally. It can be followed by an optional `else` clause.

```cpp if (condition) {

   // code to be executed if condition is true
} else {
   // code to be executed if condition is false
} ```

C++ documentation: s://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/language/if(https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/language/if)

  1. Python

Python's `if` statement is similar to C++ but relies on indentation to define the scope of the blocks.

```python if condition:

   # code to be executed if condition is true
else:
   # code to be executed if condition is false
```

Python documentation: s://docs.python.org/3/tutorial/controlflow.html#if-statements(https://docs.python.org/3/tutorial/controlflow.html#if-statements)

  1. Java

Java uses the `if` statement in a manner similar to C++, including the syntax and the optional `else` clause.

```java if (condition) {

   // code to be executed if condition is true
} else {
   // code to be executed if condition is false
} ```

Java documentation: s://docs.oracle.com/javase/tutorial/java/nutsandbolts/if.html(https://docs.oracle.com/javase/tutorial/java/nutsandbolts/if.html)

  1. C#

C#'s `if` statement syntax and usage are identical to those in C++ and Java.

```csharp if (condition) {

   // code to be executed if condition is true
} else {
   // code to be executed if condition is false
} ```

C# documentation: s://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/csharp/language-reference/keywords/if-else(https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/csharp/language-reference/keywords/if-else)

  1. Kotlin

Kotlin's `if` statement can also be used as an expression, returning a value.

```kotlin val result = if (condition) {

   // code to be executed if condition is true
} else {
   // code to be executed if condition is false
} ```

Kotlin documentation: s://kotlinlang.org/docs/control-flow.html#if-expression(https://kotlinlang.org/docs/control-flow.html#if-expression)

  1. JavaScript

JavaScript's `if` statement is used in the same way as in other C-like languages, including an optional `else` clause.

```javascript if (condition) {

   // code to be executed if condition is true
} else {
   // code to be executed if condition is false
} ```

JavaScript documentation: s://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Statements/if...else(https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Statements/if...else)

  1. TypeScript

TypeScript, being a superset of JavaScript, uses the `if` statement in the same manner.

```typescript if (condition) {

   // code to be executed if condition is true
} else {
   // code to be executed if condition is false
} ```

TypeScript documentation: s://www.typescriptlang.org/docs/handbook/2/everyday-types.html#union-types(https://www.typescriptlang.org/docs/handbook/2/everyday-types.html#union-types) (While not directly about `if`, this discusses using types in conditions, relevant to TypeScript's enhancements over JavaScript.)

  1. PHP

PHP's `if` statement syntax and functionality are similar to those in C++, Java, and C#.

```php if ($condition) {

   // code to be executed if condition is true
} else {
   // code to be executed if condition is false
} ```

PHP documentation: s://www.php.net/manual/en/control-structures.if.php(https://www.php.net/manual/en/control-structures.if.php)

  1. Go

Go's `if` statement includes an optional statement to execute before the condition; parentheses are not used around the condition.

```go if statement; condition {

   // code to be executed if condition is true
} else {
   // code to be executed if condition is false
} ```

Go documentation: s://golang.org/doc/effective_go#if(https://golang.org/doc/effective_go#if)

  1. Rust

Rust's `if` statement can also be used as an expression, similar to Kotlin.

```rust let result = if condition {

   // code to be executed if condition is true

} else {

   // code to be executed if condition is false
}; ```

Rust documentation: s://doc.rust-lang.org/book/ch03-05-control-flow.html#if-expressions(https://doc.rust-lang.org/book/ch03-05-control-flow.html#if-expressions)

  1. Swift

Swift uses the `if` statement similarly to other C-like languages, with an optional `else` clause.

```swift if condition {

   // code to be executed if condition is true
} else {
   // code to be executed if condition is false
} ```

Swift documentation: s://docs.swift.org/swift-book/LanguageGuide/ControlFlow.html#ID127(https://docs.swift.org/swift-book/LanguageGuide/ControlFlow.html#ID127)

  1. Transact-SQL

Transact-SQL uses `IF…ELSE` to perform conditional logic in SQL scripts.

```sql IF condition

   BEGIN
       -- code to be executed if condition is true
   END
ELSE
   BEGIN
       -- code to be executed if condition is false
   END
```

Transact-SQL documentation: s://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/sql/t-sql/language-elements/if-else-transact-sql(https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/sql/t-sql/language-elements/if-else-transact-sql)

  1. PL/SQL

PL/SQL's `IF` statement allows for conditional logic within Oracle databases, supporting `ELSIF` for multiple conditions.

```plsql IF condition THEN

   -- code to be executed if condition is true
ELSIF condition2 THEN
   -- code to be executed if condition2 is true
ELSE
   -- code to be executed if no conditions are true
END IF; ```

PL/SQL documentation: s://docs.oracle.com/cd/B19306_01/appdev.102/b14261/if_statement.htm(https://docs.oracle.com/cd/B19306_01/appdev.102/b14261/if_statement.htm)

These summaries illustrate the fundamental role of the `if` statement across a wide array of programming languages, demonstrating its universal application in conditional logic and flow control.

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