UNIX-based Distros - Operating System Distributions based on UNIX
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Provide a list of the top 40 UNIX-based distributions sorted by the most commonly used. For each UNIX distro include a brief description and the URL for the official documentation. Answer using MediaWiki format.
Here's a list of the top 40 UNIX-based distributions sorted by popularity, along with brief descriptions and URLs for their official documentation:
1. macOS: Apple's proprietary UNIX-based operating system, known for its user-friendly interface, stability, and integration with Apple hardware and software ecosystem.
39. FreeBSD: A widely used Unix-like operating system known for its advanced networking, security features, and compatibility with various hardware platforms.
3. OpenBSD: A security-focused variant of BSD Unix, known for its proactive approach to security and focus on code correctness and auditability.
4. Solaris: An enterprise-grade UNIX operating system developed by Sun Microsystems (now Oracle), known for its scalability, reliability, and advanced features.
5. HP-UX: Hewlett Packard's proprietary UNIX-based operating system, designed for use on HP's Itanium and PA-RISC-based servers, known for its reliability and scalability.
6. AIX: IBM's proprietary UNIX operating system, known for its robustness, scalability, and advanced features, designed for IBM's Power Systems servers.
7. NetBSD: A highly portable UNIX-like operating system known for its ability to run on a wide range of hardware platforms, from embedded systems to mainframes.
8. IRIX: A UNIX operating system developed by Silicon Graphics, known for its advanced graphics capabilities and widespread use in the entertainment and scientific computing industries.
- Docs: //techpubs.sgi.com/library/tpl/cgi-bin/home.cgi 9. [[Tru64 UNIX (formerly Digital UNIX): A UNIX operating system developed by Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC), known for its scalability and clustering capabilities.
10. UNIX System V: A family of UNIX operating systems developed by AT&T and various vendors, known for its standardization efforts and widespread use in commercial environments.
11. DragonFly [[BSD]]: A fork of FreeBSD designed for scalability and performance, featuring a unique kernel architecture and advanced clustering capabilities.
12. SCO UnixWare: A UNIX operating system developed by The Santa Cruz Operation (SCO), known for its reliability, scalability, and support for industry-standard hardware.
13. Dynix: A UNIX operating system developed by Sequent Computer Systems and later acquired by IBM, known for its support for symmetric multiprocessing (SMP) systems.
- Docs: //manmrk.net/tutorials/DYNIX 14. [[OpenServer: A UNIX operating system developed by The Santa Cruz Operation (SCO), known for its reliability, compatibility, and ease of use in small-to-medium-sized businesses.
15. Ultrix: A UNIX operating system developed by Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC), known for its support for DEC's VAX and DECstation hardware platforms.
16. UnixWare: A UNIX operating system developed by The Santa Cruz Operation (SCO), known for its reliability, scalability, and support for industry-standard hardware.
17. DG/UX: A UNIX operating system developed by Data General Corporation, known for its support for Data General's MV series and AViiON hardware platforms.
18. OSF/1: A UNIX operating system developed by the Open Software Foundation (OSF), known for its support for Digital Equipment Corporation's Alpha hardware platform.
19. [[BSD/OS]]: A UNIX operating system developed by Berkeley Software Design, Inc. (BSDi), known for its support for Intel x86 hardware and focus on Internet and networking technologies.
20. Sequent Dynix/ptx:
A UNIX [[operating system]] developed by Sequent Computer Systems, known for its support for Symmetry multiprocessing (SMP) systems and focus on enterprise computing.
- Docs: //manmrk.net/tutorials/DYNIX 21. [[Venix: One of the earliest UNIX-like operating systems, developed by VenturCom, known for its compatibility with the IBM PC platform and support for early PC hardware.
22. Microware OS-9: A real-time operating system (RTOS) with UNIX-like features developed by Microware Systems Corporation, known for its support for embedded systems and consumer electronics.
23. MINIX: A lightweight UNIX-like operating system developed by Andrew S. Tanenbaum, known for its use as a teaching tool in operating system courses and its focus on simplicity and modularity.
24. QNX: A real-time operating system (RTOS) developed by QNX Software Systems (now owned by BlackBerry), known for its microkernel architecture and reliability in embedded systems.
25. Dynix/ptx: A UNIX operating system developed by Sequent Computer Systems, known for its support for Symmetry multiprocessing (SMP) systems and focus on enterprise computing.
- Docs: //manmrk.net/tutorials/DYNIX 26. [[Unix System III: One of the early versions of UNIX developed by AT&T, known for its contributions to UNIX standardization efforts and widespread use in commercial environments.
27. Unix System V: A family of UNIX operating systems developed by AT&T and various vendors, known for its standardization efforts and widespread use in commercial environments.
28. IRIX: A UNIX operating system developed by Silicon Graphics, known for its advanced graphics capabilities and widespread use in the entertainment and scientific computing industries.
- Docs: //techpubs.sgi.com/library/tpl/cgi-bin/home.cgi 29. [[[[BSD/OS]]: A UNIX operating system developed by Berkeley Software Design, Inc. (BSDi), known for its support for Intel x86 hardware and focus on Internet and networking technologies.
30. Ultrix: A UNIX operating system developed by Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC), known for its support for DEC's VAX and DECstation hardware platforms.
31. SunOS: An earlier version of the Solaris operating system developed by Sun Microsystems, known for its stability, scalability, and early contributions to the UNIX ecosystem.
32. OSF/1: A UNIX operating system developed by the Open Software Foundation (OSF), known for its support for Digital Equipment Corporation's Alpha hardware platform.
33. Tru64 UNIX (formerly Digital UNIX): A UNIX operating system developed by Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC), known for its scalability and clustering capabilities.
35. HP-UX: Hewlett Packard's proprietary UNIX-based operating system, designed for use on HP's Itanium and PA-RISC-based servers, known for its reliability and scalability.
36. OpenBSD: A security-focused variant of BSD Unix, known for its proactive approach to security and focus on code correctness and auditability.
37. NetBSD: A highly portable UNIX-like operating system known for its ability to run on a wide range of hardware platforms, from embedded systems to mainframes.
These distributions showcase the diversity and longevity of UNIX-based operating systems, with each offering unique features and capabilities tailored to specific use cases and industries.
- Snippet from Wikipedia: Unix
Unix ( , YOO-niks; trademarked as UNIX) is a family of multitasking, multi-user computer operating systems that derive from the original AT&T Unix, whose development started in 1969 at the Bell Labs research center by Ken Thompson, Dennis Ritchie, and others.
Initially intended for use inside the Bell System, AT&T licensed Unix to outside parties in the late 1970s, leading to a variety of both academic and commercial Unix variants from vendors including University of California, Berkeley (BSD), Microsoft (Xenix), Sun Microsystems (SunOS/Solaris), HP/HPE (HP-UX), and IBM (AIX). In the early 1990s, AT&T sold its rights in Unix to Novell, which then sold the UNIX trademark to The Open Group, an industry consortium founded in 1996. The Open Group allows the use of the mark for certified operating systems that comply with the Single UNIX Specification (SUS).
Early versions of Unix ran on PDP-11 computers.
Unix systems are characterized by a modular design that is sometimes called the "Unix philosophy". According to this philosophy, the operating system should provide a set of simple tools, each of which performs a limited, well-defined function. A unified and inode-based filesystem and an inter-process communication mechanism known as "pipes" serve as the main means of communication, and a shell scripting and command language (the Unix shell) is used to combine the tools to perform complex workflows.
Unix distinguishes itself from its predecessors as the first portable operating system: almost the entire operating system is written in the C programming language, which allows Unix to operate on numerous platforms.
- Snippet from Wikipedia: Linux distribution
A Linux distribution (often abbreviated as distro) is an operating system that includes the Linux kernel for its kernel functionality. Although the name does not imply product distribution per se, a distro, if distributed on its own, is often obtained via a website intended specifically for the purpose. Distros have been designed for a wide variety of systems ranging from personal computers (for example, Linux Mint) to servers (for example, Red Hat Enterprise Linux) and from embedded devices (for example, OpenWrt) to supercomputers (for example, Rocks Cluster Distribution).
A distro typically includes many components in addition to the Linux kernel. Commonly, it includes a package manager, an init system (such as systemd, OpenRC, or runit), GNU tools and libraries, documentation, IP network configuration utilities, the getty TTY setup program, and many more. To provide a desktop experience (most commonly the Mesa userspace graphics drivers) a display server (the most common being the X.org Server, or, more recently, a Wayland compositor such as Sway, KDE's KWin, or GNOME's Mutter), a desktop environment (most commonly GNOME, KDE Plasma, or Xfce), a sound server (usually either PulseAudio or more recently PipeWire), and other related programs may be included or installed by the user.
Typically, most of the included software is free and open-source software – made available both as binary for convenience and as source code to allow for modifying it. A distro may also include proprietary software that is not available in source code form, such as a device driver binary.
A distro may be described as a particular assortment of application and utility software (various GNU tools and libraries, for example), packaged with the Linux kernel in such a way that its capabilities meet users' needs. The software is usually adapted to the distribution and then combined into software packages by the distribution's maintainers. The software packages are available online in repositories, which are storage locations usually distributed around the world. Beside "glue" components, such as the distribution installers (for example, Debian-Installer and Anaconda) and the package management systems, very few packages are actually written by a distribution's maintainers.
Distributions have been designed for a wide range of computing environments, including desktops, servers, laptops, netbooks, mobile devices (phones and tablets), and embedded systems. There are commercially backed distributions, such as Fedora Linux (Red Hat), openSUSE (SUSE) and Ubuntu (Canonical Ltd.), and entirely community-driven distributions, such as Debian, Slackware, Gentoo and Arch Linux. Most distributions come ready-to-use and prebuilt for a specific instruction set, while some (such as Gentoo) are distributed mostly in source code form and must be built before installation.
UNIX: UNIX Glossary, Operating Systems based on UNIX, Unix kernel, Unix commands-Unix Shells-Unix CLI-GNU-Unix GUI-X11, Unix DevOps-Unix development-Unix system programming-Bash-zsh-Unix API, Unix package managers, Unix configuration management (Ansible on Unix, Chef on Unix, Puppet on Unix, PowerShell on Unix), Unix Distros (FreeBSD-OpenBSD, BSD, macOS), Unix networking, Unix storage, Unix secrets, Unix security (Unix IAM-LDAP-Unix Firewall-Unix Proxy), Unix docs, Unix GitHub, Unix Containers, Unix VM, Unix on AWS, Unix on Azure, Unix on GCP, Unix on IBM, Unix on Mainframe (Unix on IBM Z mainframe - Unix for System z - IBM LinuxONE), Embedded Unix, Unix IoT-Unix on Raspberry Pi, UnixOps-Unix sysadmin, systemd-userland-kernel space-POSIX-SUS-Unix filesystem-Unix architecture, Unix books-Linux books, Unix courses, Linux Foundation, Unix history, Unix philosophy, Unix adoption, Unix glossary, Unix topics (navbar_unix and navbar_linux - see also navbar_freebsd)
Linux: Linux Fundamentals, Linux Inventor: Linus Torvalds says “ Linux just sucks less.”, Linux Best Practices - Linux Anti-Patterns, Linux kernel, Linux commands-Linux Shells-Linux CLI-GNU-Linux GUI-X11, Linux DevOps-Linux development-Linux system programming-Bash-zsh-Linux API, Linux package managers, Linux configuration management (Ansible on Linux, Chef on Linux, Puppet on Linux, PowerShell on Linux), Linux Distros (RHEL-Rocky Linux-CentOS (CentOS Stream)-Oracle Linux-Fedora, Ubuntu-Debian-Linux Mint-Raspberry Pi OS-Kali Linux-Tails, openSUSE - SUSE Linux Enterprise Server (SLES), Arch Linux-Manjaro Linux, Alpine Linux-BusyBox - Slackware - Android-Chrome OS); UNIX-UNIX Distros (FreeBSD-OpenBSD, BSD, macOS), Linux networking, Linux storage, Linux secrets, Linux security (Linux IAM-LDAP-Linux Firewall-Linux Proxy), Linux docs, Linux GitHub, Linux Containers, Linux VM, Linux on AWS, Linux on Azure, Linux on GCP, Linux on Windows (WSL), Linux on IBM, Linux on Mainframe (Linux on IBM Z mainframe - Linux for System z - IBM LinuxONE), Embedded Linux, Linus IoT-Linux on Raspberry Pi, LinuxOps-Linux sysadmin, systemd-userland-kernel space-POSIX-SUS-Linux filesystem-Linux architecture, Linux books-UNIX books, Linux courses, Linux Foundation, Linux history, Linux philosophy, Linux adoption, Linux glossary, Linux topics (navbar_linux and navbar_unix - see also navbar_fedora, navbar_rhel, navbar_centos, navbar_debian, navbar_ubuntu, navbar_linux_mint, navbar_freebsd, navbar_opensuse, navbar_manjaro, navbar_kali_linux, navbar_nixos, navbar_alpine_linux, navbar_tails_linux, navbar_slackware, navbar_rocky_linux, navbar_arch_linux, navbar_oracle_linux)
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