CPP <array>
https://cplusplus.com/reference/array/array
class template <array> std::array template < class T, size_t N > class array; Array class Arrays are fixed-size sequence containers: they hold a specific number of elements ordered in a strict linear sequence.
Internally, an array does not keep any data other than the elements it contains (not even its size, which is a template parameter, fixed on compile time). It is as efficient in terms of storage size as an ordinary array declared with the language's bracket syntax ([]). This class merely adds a layer of member and global functions to it, so that arrays can be used as standard containers.
Unlike the other standard containers, arrays have a fixed size and do not manage the allocation of its elements through an allocator: they are an aggregate type encapsulating a fixed-size array of elements. Therefore, they cannot be expanded or contracted dynamically (see vector for a similar container that can be expanded).
Zero-sized arrays are valid, but they should not be dereferenced (members front, back, and data).
Unlike with the other containers in the Standard Library, swapping two array containers is a linear operation that involves swapping all the elements in the ranges individually, which generally is a considerably less efficient operation. On the other side, this allows the iterators to elements in both containers to keep their original container association.
Another unique feature of array containers is that they can be treated as tuple objects: The <array> header overloads the get function to access the elements of the array as if it was a tuple, as well as specialized tuple_size and tuple_element types.
Container properties Sequence Elements in sequence containers are ordered in a strict linear sequence. Individual elements are accessed by their position in this sequence. Contiguous storage The elements are stored in contiguous memory locations, allowing constant time random access to elements. Pointers to an element can be offset to access other elements. Fixed-size aggregate The container uses implicit constructors and destructors to allocate the required space statically. Its size is compile-time constant. No memory or time overhead.
Template parameters T Type of the elements contained. Aliased as member type array::value_type. N Size of the array, in terms of number of elements. In the reference for the array member functions, these same names are assumed for the template parameters.
Member types The following aliases are member types of array. They are widely used as parameter and return types by member functions:
member type definition notes value_type The first template parameter (T) reference value_type& const_reference const value_type& pointer value_type* const_pointer const value_type* iterator a random access iterator to value_type convertible to const_iterator const_iterator a random access iterator to const value_type reverse_iterator reverse_iterator<iterator> const_reverse_iterator reverse_iterator<const_iterator> size_type size_t unsigned integral type difference_type ptrdiff_t signed integral type
Member functions Iterators begin Return iterator to beginning (public member function) end Return iterator to end (public member function) rbegin Return reverse iterator to reverse beginning (public member function) rend Return reverse iterator to reverse end (public member function) cbegin Return const_iterator to beginning (public member function) cend Return const_iterator to end (public member function) crbegin Return const_reverse_iterator to reverse beginning (public member function) crend Return const_reverse_iterator to reverse end (public member function)
Capacity size Return size (public member function) max_size Return maximum size (public member function) empty Test whether array is empty (public member function)
Element access operator[] Access element (public member function) at Access element (public member function) front Access first element (public member function) back Access last element (public member function) data Get pointer to data (public member function)
Modifiers fill Fill array with value (public member function) swap Swap content (public member function)
Non-member function overloads get (array) Get element (tuple interface) (function template) relational operators (array) Relational operators for array (function template)
Non-member class specializations tuple_element<array> Tuple element type for array (class template specialization) tuple_size<array> Tuple size traits for array (class template specialization)
header <array> Array header Header that defines the fixed-size array container class:
Classes array Array class (class template)
Functions begin Iterator to beginning (function template) end Iterator to end (function template)