Table of Contents
Python Standard Library Glossary
Return to Python Development Glossary, Python, Java Standard Library Glossary
Provide a Java library glossary of the top 100 Java libraries and Java Frameworks that are not part of the Java Standard Library sorted by the most commonly used. For each Java library include a brief description and the URL for the official documentation, include the URL for the appropriate GitHub repo, include the URL for the Maven Central link. Answer using MediaWiki format.
- Provide a Python Standard Library glossary of the top 100 Python Standard Library Module sorted by the most commonly used. For each concept include a brief description and the URL for the Python official documentation, include the appropriate URL of the Python 3 Module of the Week pymotw.com, and the Python standard library source code repository or appropriate GitHub repo. Answer using MediaWiki format.
Creating a comprehensive glossary of the top 100 Python Standard Library modules, including descriptions, official documentation links, “Python 3 Module of the Week” (PyMOTW) references, and source code repositories, is extensive. Due to the vast scope and the nature of the Python Standard Library being an integral part of Python's development and not hosted separately like third-party packages, the source code is part of the Python's main repository itself. This list will highlight essential and widely used modules within the Python Standard Library, focusing on their primary usage and importance in Python development.
Please note, for the Python Standard Library, the official documentation and the Python's GitHub repository (where the Python source code is maintained) will be referenced. The PyMOTW site is an excellent resource for learning and examples but might not cover all modules in depth or the latest version.
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Python Standard Library Glossary
1. sys
Provides access to some variables used or maintained by the Python interpreter and to functions that interact strongly with the interpreter. [Documentation: https://docs.python.org/3/library/sys.html] [PyMOTW: https://pymotw.com/3/sys/] [Source: https://github.com/python/cpython/tree/3.9/Lib/sys.py] (Note: sys is partly implemented in C)
2. os
Provides a way of using operating system dependent functionality. [Documentation: https://docs.python.org/3/library/os.html] [PyMOTW: https://pymotw.com/3/os/] [Source: https://github.com/python/cpython/tree/3.9/Lib/os.py]
3. datetime
Supplies classes for manipulating dates and times. [Documentation: https://docs.python.org/3/library/datetime.html] [PyMOTW: https://pymotw.com/3/datetime/] [Source: https://github.com/python/cpython/tree/3.9/Lib/datetime.py]
4. collections
Implements specialized container datatypes providing alternatives to Python’s general purpose built-in containers. [Documentation: https://docs.python.org/3/library/collections.html] [PyMOTW: https://pymotw.com/3/collections/] [Source: https://github.com/python/cpython/tree/3.9/Lib/collections/]
5. json
Encodes and decodes the JSON format. [Documentation: https://docs.python.org/3/library/json.html] [PyMOTW: https://pymotw.com/3/json/] [Source: https://github.com/python/cpython/tree/3.9/Lib/json/]
6. logging
Defines functions and classes which implement a flexible event logging system. [Documentation: https://docs.python.org/3/library/logging.html] [PyMOTW: https://pymotw.com/3/logging/] [Source: https://github.com/python/cpython/tree/3.9/Lib/logging/]
7. argparse
Parser for command-line options, arguments, and sub-commands. [Documentation: https://docs.python.org/3/library/argparse.html] [PyMOTW: https://pymotw.com/3/argparse/] [Source: https://github.com/python/cpython/tree/3.9/Lib/argparse.py]
8. re
Provides regular expression matching operations. [Documentation: https://docs.python.org/3/library/re.html] [PyMOTW: https://pymotw.com/3/re/] [Source: https://github.com/python/cpython/tree/3.9/Lib/re.py]
9. subprocess
Allows you to spawn new processes, connect to their input/output/error pipes, and obtain their return codes. [Documentation: https://docs.python.org/3/library/subprocess.html] [PyMOTW: https://pymotw.com/3/subprocess/] [Source: https://github.com/python/cpython/tree/3.9/Lib/subprocess.py]
10. threading
Constructs higher-level threading interfaces on top of the lower-level _thread module. [Documentation: https://docs.python.org/3/library/threading.html] [PyMOTW: https://pymotw.com/3/threading/] [Source: https://github.com/python/cpython/tree/3.9/Lib/threading.py]
11. multiprocessing
Offers both local and remote concurrency, effectively side-stepping the Global Interpreter Lock by using subprocesses instead of threads. [Documentation: https://docs.python.org/3/library/multiprocessing.html] [PyMOTW: https://pymotw.com/3/multiprocessing/] [Source: https://github.com/python/cpython/tree/3.9/Lib/multiprocessing/]
12. socket
Provides
access to the BSD socket interface.[Documentation: https://docs.python.org/3/library/socket.html] [PyMOTW: https://pymotw.com/3/socket/] [Source: https://github.com/python/cpython/tree/3.9/Lib/socket.py]
13. requests (Not in the Standard Library, but widely used)
Elegant and simple HTTP library for Python, built for human beings. [Documentation: https://requests.readthedocs.io/en/master/] [PyMOTW: Not available for requests as it's not part of the Standard Library] [Source: https://github.com/psf/requests]
14. http.server
A simple HTTP server to serve files or can be extended to handle more complex HTTP requests. [Documentation: https://docs.python.org/3/library/http.server.html] [PyMOTW: https://pymotw.com/3/http.server/] [Source: https://github.com/python/cpython/tree/3.9/Lib/http/server.py]
15. sqlite3
A DB-API 2.0 interface for SQLite databases. [Documentation: https://docs.python.org/3/library/sqlite3.html] [PyMOTW: https://pymotw.com/3/sqlite3/] [Source: https://github.com/python/cpython/tree/3.9/Lib/sqlite3/]
16. unittest
Provides a way to build and run tests. [Documentation: https://docs.python.org/3/library/unittest.html] [PyMOTW: https://pymotw.com/3/unittest/] [Source: https://github.com/python/cpython/tree/3.9/Lib/unittest/]
17. pathlib
Offers a set of classes to handle filesystem paths. [Documentation: https://docs.python.org/3/library/pathlib.html] [PyMOTW: https://pymotw.com/3/pathlib/] [Source: https://github.com/python/cpython/tree/3.9/Lib/pathlib.py]
18. csv
Implements classes to read and write tabular data in CSV format. [Documentation: https://docs.python.org/3/library/csv.html] [PyMOTW: https://pymotw.com/3/csv/] [Source: https://github.com/python/cpython/tree/3.9/Lib/csv.py]
19. random
Implements pseudo-random number generators for various distributions. [Documentation: https://docs.python.org/3/library/random.html] [PyMOTW: https://pymotw.com/3/random/] [Source: https://github.com/python/cpython/tree/3.9/Lib/random.py]
20. hashlib
Implements a common interface to many different secure hash and message digest algorithms. [Documentation: https://docs.python.org/3/library/hashlib.html] [PyMOTW: https://pymotw.com/3/hashlib/] [Source: https://github.com/python/cpython/tree/3.9/Lib/hashlib.py]
21. datetime
Supplies classes for manipulating dates and times. [Documentation: https://docs.python.org/3/library/datetime.html] [PyMOTW: https://pymotw.com/3/datetime/] [Source: https://github.com/python/cpython/tree/3.9/Lib/datetime.py]
22. json
Encodes and decodes the JSON format. [Documentation: https://docs.python.org/3/library/json.html] [PyMOTW: https://pymotw.com/3/json/] [Source: https://github.com/python/cpython/tree/3.9/Lib/json/]
23. asyncio
Provides infrastructure for writing single-threaded concurrent code using coroutines, multiplexing I/O access over sockets and other resources. [Documentation: https://docs.python.org/3/library/asyncio.html] [PyMOTW: https://pymotw.com/3/asyncio/] [Source: https://github.com/python/cpython/tree/3.9/Lib/asyncio/]
24. itertools
Implements a number of iterator building blocks. [Documentation: https://docs.python.org/3/library/itertools.html] [PyMOTW: https://pymotw.com/3/itertools/] [Source: https://github.com/python/cpython/tree/3.9/Lib/itertools.py] (Note: itertools is partly implemented in C)
25. functools
Higher-order functions and operations on callable objects. [Documentation: https://docs.python.org/3/library/functools.html] [PyMOTW: https://pymotw.com/3/functools/] [Source: https://github.com/python/cpython/tree/3
.9/Lib/functools.py]
26. operator
Exports a set of efficient functions corresponding to the intrinsic operators of Python. [Documentation: https://docs.python.org/3/library/operator.html] [PyMOTW: https://pymotw.com/3/operator/] [Source: https://github.com/python/cpython/tree/3.9/Lib/operator.py]
27. contextlib
Utilities for working with context managers and the `with` statement. [Documentation: https://docs.python.org/3/library/contextlib.html] [PyMOTW: https://pymotw.com/3/contextlib/] [Source: https://github.com/python/cpython/tree/3.9/Lib/contextlib.py]
28. decimal
Implements decimal arithmetic suitable for accounting applications and high-precision applications. [Documentation: https://docs.python.org/3/library/decimal.html] [PyMOTW: https://pymotw.com/3/decimal/] [Source: https://github.com/python/cpython/tree/3.9/Lib/decimal.py]
29. fractions
Implements arithmetic based on rational numbers. [Documentation: https://docs.python.org/3/library/fractions.html] [PyMOTW: https://pymotw.com/3/fractions/] [Source: https://github.com/python/cpython/tree/3.9/Lib/fractions.py]
30. glob
Provides a function for making file lists from directory wildcard searches. [Documentation: https://docs.python.org/3/library/glob.html] [PyMOTW: https://pymotw.com/3/glob/] [Source: https://github.com/python/cpython/tree/3.9/Lib/glob.py]
31. heapq
Provides an implementation of the heap queue algorithm, also known as the priority queue algorithm. [Documentation: https://docs.python.org/3/library/heapq.html] [PyMOTW: https://pymotw.com/3/heapq/] [Source: https://github.com/python/cpython/tree/3.9/Lib/heapq.py]
32. inspect
Provides several useful functions to help get information about live objects such as modules, classes, methods, functions, tracebacks, frame objects, and code objects. [Documentation: https://docs.python.org/3/library/inspect.html] [PyMOTW: https://pymotw.com/3/inspect/] [Source: https://github.com/python/cpython/tree/3.9/Lib/inspect.py]
33. io
The default interface to access files and streams. [Documentation: https://docs.python.org/3/library/io.html] [PyMOTW: https://pymotw.com/3/io/] [Source: https://github.com/python/cpython/tree/3.9/Lib/io.py]
34. math
Provides access to the mathematical functions defined by the C standard. [Documentation: https://docs.python.org/3/library/math.html] [PyMOTW: https://pymotw.com/3/math/] [Source: https://github.com/python/cpython/tree/3.9/Lib/math.py] (Note: math is partly implemented in C)
35. mmap
Memory-mapped file objects behave like both bytearray and like file objects. [Documentation: https://docs.python.org/3/library/mmap.html] [PyMOTW: https://pymotw.com/3/mmap/] [Source: https://github.com/python/cpython/tree/3.9/Lib/mmap.py]
36. os.path
Common pathname manipulations. [Documentation: https://docs.python.org/3/library/os.path.html] [PyMOTW: https://pymotw.com/3/os.path/] [Source: https://github.com/python/cpython/tree/3.9/Lib/os.path.py]
37. pickle
Implements binary protocols for serializing and de-serializing a Python object structure. [Documentation: https://docs.python.org/3/library/pickle.html] [PyMOTW: https://pymotw.com/3/pickle/] [Source: https://github.com/python/cpython/tree/3.9/Lib/pickle.py]
38. queue
Provides a multi-producer, multi-consumer queue. [Documentation: https://docs.python.org/3/library/queue.html] [PyMOTW: https://pymotw.com/3/queue/] [Source: https://github.com/python/cpython/tree/3.9/Lib/queue.py]
39. select
Provides access to the select() and poll() functions available in most operating systems, allowing you to wait for events on one or more sockets or file descriptors