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Return to Web-HTML-CSS-HTTP-TSL, Internet standards (IETF standards), Web standards (W3C standards), Networking standards, Programming standards (ISO Programming standards) - Software engineering standards, Computer standards, Open Standards

Web standards are a set of guidelines, specifications, and best practices established by organizations like the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) and the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) to ensure consistency, interoperability, and accessibility on the World Wide Web. These standards define the structure, behavior, and formatting of web documents, enabling web browsers, servers, and other web-related technologies to communicate and interact effectively across different platforms and devices.

The homepage of the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C), the primary organization responsible for developing and maintaining web standards, can be found at s://www.w3.org/(https://www.w3.org/). The W3C's mission is to lead the World Wide Web to its full potential by developing protocols and guidelines that ensure long-term growth and innovation. Additionally, the W3C's GitHub repository, which hosts specifications, drafts, and reference implementations for various web standards, can be found at s://github.com/w3c(https://github.com/w3c).

Web standards cover a wide range of topics, including HTML (Hypertext Markup Language), CSS (Cascading Style Sheets), JavaScript, HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol), and accessibility. These standards define the syntax, semantics, and behavior of web technologies, ensuring consistent rendering and functionality across different web browsers and devices. By adhering to web standards, developers can create web content that is compatible, accessible, and future-proof.

HTML is the standard markup language used to create web pages and web applications. HTML defines the structure and content of web documents using elements and attributes, allowing developers to create headings, paragraphs, lists, links, images, forms, and other interactive elements. The latest version of HTML, HTML5, introduced new features and enhancements for multimedia, semantics, and accessibility, further improving the capabilities of web development.

CSS is the standard styling language used to control the presentation and layout of web documents. CSS allows developers to specify colors, fonts, spacing, borders, backgrounds, and other visual properties of HTML elements, enabling them to create visually appealing and responsive designs. The latest version of CSS, CSS3, introduced new features like flexbox, grid layout, and media queries for creating flexible and adaptive layouts across different screen sizes and devices.

JavaScript is the standard scripting language used to add interactivity and dynamic behavior to web pages and web applications. JavaScript allows developers to manipulate the HTML and CSS of web documents, handle user input, interact with web services, and update content dynamically without reloading the page. The latest version of JavaScript, ECMAScript 2021, introduced new features and enhancements for improved performance, security, and developer productivity.

HTTP is the standard protocol used for communication between web clients (such as web browsers) and web servers. HTTP defines the rules and conventions for requesting and transmitting hypertext documents over the Internet, including methods like GET, POST, PUT, and DELETE for fetching, submitting, updating, and deleting resources. The latest version of HTTP, HTTP/3, introduced new features like multiplexing, header compression, and transport security for faster and more efficient communication.

Web standards also prioritize accessibility, ensuring that web content is perceivable, operable, and understandable by people with disabilities. Accessibility standards define guidelines and techniques for making web content accessible to users with visual, auditory, motor, cognitive, and neurological impairments. By following accessibility standards, developers can create web content that is inclusive and usable by all users, regardless of their abilities or limitations.

In conclusion, web standards are essential for ensuring consistency, interoperability, and accessibility on the World Wide Web. By adhering to standards like HTML, CSS, JavaScript, HTTP, and accessibility, developers can create web content that is compatible, accessible, and future-proof, providing users with a consistent and seamless browsing experience across different platforms and devices. With ongoing development and collaboration within organizations like the W3C and the IETF, web standards continue to evolve and improve, driving innovation and advancement on the World Wide Web.

“W3C standards define an Open Web Platform for application development that has the unprecedented potential to enable web developers to build rich interactive experiences, powered by vast data stores, that are available on any device. Although the boundaries of the platform continue to evolve, industry leaders speak nearly in unison about how HTML5 will be the cornerstone for this platform. But the full strength of the platform relies on many more technologies that W3C and its partners are creating, including CSS, SVG, WOFF, the Semantic Web stack, XML, and a variety of web APIs.”

W3C develops these technical specifications and guidelines through a process designed to maximize consensus about the content of a technical report, to ensure high technical and editorial quality, and to earn endorsement by W3C and the broader community.

If you are learning about Web technology, you may wish to start with the introduction below, and follow links for greater detail.

“Web Design and Applications involve the standards for building and Rendering Web pages, including HTML, CSS, SVG, Ajax, and other technologies for Web Applications (“WebApps”). This section also includes information on how to make pages accessible to people with disabilities (WCAG), to internationalize them, and make them work on mobile devices.”

“W3C is focusing on technologies to enable Web access anywhere, anytime, using any device. This includes Web access from mobile phones and other mobile devices as well as use of Web technology in consumer electronics, printers, interactive television, and even automobiles.”

“Web Architecture focuses on the foundation technologies and principles which sustain the Web, including URIs and HTTP.”

“In addition to the classic “Web of documents” W3C is helping to build a technology stack to support a “Web of data,” the sort of data you find in databases. The ultimate goal of the Web of data is to enable computers to do more useful work and to develop systems that can support trusted interactions over the network. The term “Semantic Web” refers to W3C’s vision of the Web of linked data. Semantic Web technologies enable people to create data stores on the Web, build vocabularies, and write rules for handling data. Linked data are empowered by technologies such as RDF, SPARQL, OWL, and SKOS.

”XML Technologies including XML, XML Namespaces, XML Schema, XSLT, Efficient XML Interchange (EXI), and other related standards.“

”Web of Services refers to message-based design frequently found on the Web and in enterprise software. The Web of Services is based on technologies such as HTTP, XML, SOAP, WSDL, SPARQL, and others.“

“The web's usefulness and growth depends on its universality. We should be able to publish regardless of the software we use, the computer we have, the language we speak, whether we are wired or wireless, regardless of our sensory or interaction modes. We should be able to access the web from any kind of hardware that can connect to the Internet – stationary or mobile, small or large. W3C facilitates this listening and blending via international web standards. These standards ensure that all the crazy brilliance continues to improve a web that is open to us all.”

Fair Use Source: https://www.w3.org/standards

• https://designsystem.digital.gov